Messaggio
da BeJake » lun lug 17, 2017 10:21 am
Considera che in alcune varietà di phalaris son presenti altre sostanze oltre al dmt come gramina e ordenina.
"Gramine has been found to act as an agonist of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1).[5]
The LD50 of gramine is 44.6 mg/ kg iv in mice and 62.9 mg/ kg iv in rats.[6] Numerous studies have been done on the toxicity in insects harmful to crops for use as a possible insecticide.[7]
Gramine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in synaptic vesicles.[citation needed]"
"Hordenine LD50 in mice, by i.p. administration: 299 mg/kg.[34] Other LD50 values given in the literature are: >100 mg/kg (mouse; i.p.),[35] as HCl salt: 113.5 mg/kg (mouse; route of administration unspecified)[36] Minimum lethal dose (as sulfate salt): 300 mg/kg (dog; i.v.); 2000 mg/kg (dog; p.o.); 250 mg/kg (rabbit; i.v.); 300 mg/kg (guinea pig; iv.); 2000 mg/kg (guinea pig; s.c.); ~ 1000 mg/kg (rat; s.c.).[25]
From experiments aimed at identifying the toxin responsible for producing the locomotor disorder ("staggers") and rapidly lethal cardiac toxicosis ("sudden death") periodically observed in livestock feeding on the grass Phalaris aquatica, Australian researchers determined that the lowest doses of hordenine that would induce symptoms of "staggers" in sheep were 20 mg/kg i.v., and 800 mg/kg orally. However, the cardiac symptoms of "sudden death" could not be evinced by hordenine.[37]
Although hordenine is capable of reacting with nitrosating agents (e.g. nitrite ion, NO2−) to form the carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and was investigated as a possible precursor for the significant amounts of NDMA once found in beer,[11] it was eventually established that the levels of hordenine present in malt were too low to account for the observed levels of NDMA.[38]"
Entrambe possono essere potenzialmente pericolose in combinazione con un maoi.
Ovviamente dipende dalle concentrazioni ma non è possibile saperlo in anticipo a meno di non procedere con estrazione e separazione degli alcaloidi.